Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Tumor-derived MG53 aggravates gastrointestinal cancer cachexia related muscle atrophy by inhibiting the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1919475

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies.

Article Snippet: Myogenin , ABclonal , A17427.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding SNPs Regulate Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Modulating PENK Expression

doi: 10.3390/ijms27167467

Figure Lengend Snippet: PENK promotes BMSC proliferation and migration while inhibiting myogenic differentiation. ( A ) Representative EdU incorporation images showing BMSC proliferation after PENK knockdown or overexpression. ( B , C ) CCK-8 assays assessing the effects of PENK knockdown ( B ) or overexpression ( C ) on BMSC proliferation ( n = 5). ( D ) Quantification of EdU-positive cells from the experiments shown in ( A ) ( n = 5). ( E , F ) Cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry following PENK knockdown ( E ) or overexpression ( F ) in BMSCs ( n = 3). ( G ) Quantification of myotube area normalized to nuclei number from the experiments shown in ( I ) ( n = 6). ( H ) Quantification of wound-healing assays from the experiments shown in ( J ) ( n = 6). ( I ) MYH3 immunofluorescence staining of myotubes after 4 days of differentiation following PENK knockdown or overexpression in BMSCs. ( J ) Representative images of wound-healing assays following PENK knockdown or overexpression. Blue dashed lines outline the wound edge at 0 h. ( K ) qPCR analysis of MKI67 , PCNA , MYOD1 , and MYOG mRNA levels following PENK knockdown in BMSCs ( n = 4). Expression levels were normalized to RN18S1 and GAPDH . Scale bars: 400 μm ( A , I , J ). NC-SI, BMSCs transfected with negative control siRNA; PENK-SI, PENK knockdown in BMSCs; pcDNA3.1, empty vector control; PENK-OE, PENK overexpression in BMSCs.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies and dilutions used were as follows: Ki67 (1:1000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), MyoD1 (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), MyoG (1:500, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), PCNA (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and β-tubulin (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Migration, Cell Characterization, Knockdown, Over Expression, CCK-8 Assay, Cell Cycle Assay, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Transfection, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding SNPs Regulate Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Modulating PENK Expression

doi: 10.3390/ijms27167467

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo knockdown of Penk reduces quadriceps femoris muscle mass and alters muscle fiber composition in mice. ( A ) Body weight changes in mice during the 28-day experimental period ( n = 5). ( B ) Absolute quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle weight 28 days after AAV injection ( n = 5). ( C ) QF muscle weight normalized to body weight 28 days after AAV injection ( n = 5). ( D ) qPCR analysis of Penk , Pcna , Mki67 , Myod1 , and Myog mRNA levels in QF muscle 28 days after intramuscular AAV injection. Expression levels were normalized to Gapdh ( n = 5). ( E ) Western blot analysis of protein levels in QF muscle 28 days after AAV injection. Using β-tubulin as the reference, the reference and target proteins were analyzed on separate gels. However, all samples loaded were derived from the same homogeneous stock. ( F ) Quantification of the Western blot results shown in ( E ). Protein levels were normalized to β-tubulin ( n = 4). ( G ) Representative photographs of dissected QF muscles from control and sh-PENK mice. The ruler indicates a length range of 5–12 cm. ( H ) Quantification of the proportions of different muscle fiber types ( n = 4). ( I ) Quantification of the mean cross-sectional area of different muscle fiber types ( n = 4). ( J ) Schematic classification of different muscle fiber types in this study. Asterisks (*) indicate slow fibers, hashtags (#) indicate fast fibers, and diamonds (◆) indicate hybrid fibers. ( K ) Representative immunofluorescence images of fast fibers (MYH1 staining) and slow fibers (MYH7 staining) after Penk knockdown in mouse QF muscle. Scale bars: 100 μm ( J , K ). QF, quadriceps femoris muscle; AAV, adeno-associated virus; sh-PENK, AAV-mediated Penk knockdown.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies and dilutions used were as follows: Ki67 (1:1000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), MyoD1 (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), MyoG (1:500, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), PCNA (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and β-tubulin (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Knockdown, Injection, Expressing, Western Blot, Derivative Assay, Muscles, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Virus

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Single-Nucleus to Whole Body Phenotyping Reveals Neuromuscular Impairment and Preserved Exercise Adaptations in Long-Term Pediatric HSCT Survivors >10 years after treatment

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.24.26351644

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Differentially expressed genes identified by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) across myonuclear clusters, highlighting EMC7, ATP6V0B, and XRRA1 as significantly altered in HSCT survivors compared with controls. Data are shown in boxplots. (B) Primary muscle stem cell culture (controls: n = 8; HSCT: n = 4). Representative immunofluorescence image of differentiated myotubes from an HSCT survivor, stained for desmin (cyan), myogenin (magenta) and nuclei (white). Fusion index (percentage of nuclei located within multinucleated (≥3 nuclei) desmin-positive myotubes relative to total desmin-positive nuclei). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) data (geometric mean ± SEM) of myogenin. and XRRA1. XRRA1 data were analyzed across three splice forms, two cellular conditions (proliferating cells (PRO) and fusing cells (FUS)), and group (control vs. HSCT) by three-way repeated-measures ANOVA. (C) Representative immunofluorescence image of a muscle biopsy cross-section from a HSCT survivor stained with wheat germ agglutinin (cyan), XRRA1 (magenta), and nuclei (white). Quantification of XRRA1 fluorescence intensity is shown for rested (circles) and exercised (squares) legs from control (4 rested / 4 exercised) and HSCT participants (4 rested / 4 exercised); mean ± SD with individual values.

Article Snippet: Immunofluorescence staining was performed using desmin (AB32362; Abcam) and myogenin (F5D; DSHB).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Stem Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Fluorescence